![]() In the case of a pandemic, it also offers an opportunity to Strains and thereby improve effectiveness and, thus, further reduce the burden ofĭisease from influenza. The seed virus may improve the closeness of vaccine virus match to circulating 3 New and emerging manufacturing technologies such as cell-culture isolation of ![]() There are a number of reasons for this includingĬharacteristics of the human immune system, mismatch between the circulating strainĪnd the vaccine strain, and egg adaptation of viral seeds. Despite a well-established system of surveillanceĪnd vaccine production, current influenza vaccines, even when given annually, do not Only be achieved with annual vaccinations developed by careful surveillance and Long-lasting antibody titers even with vaccination means that optimal protection can However, antigenicĭrift (due to mutations in key viral antigens) in the virus and a lack of 2 Influenza vaccines are widely used to prevent outbreaks. Increased hospitalizations-particularly in the elderly and persons with chronic conditions. Rooms and primary care physicians, increased absenteeism at work and school, and 1 Its seasonal appearance is associated with increased visits to emergency Influenza causes up to 5 million cases of severe illness worldwide and betweenĢ90,000 and 650,000 respiratory deaths each year. Improving vaccine effectiveness is a key factor for future policy making Reported to improve manufacturing efficiency and the additional benefit of Inactivated cell-culture vaccines were more effective than egg-based vaccines.Īdoption of cell-culture technology for influenza vaccine manufacturing has been These observational and retrospective studies demonstrate that Influenza season, a small number of studies conducted in the United StatesĬompared the effectiveness of egg-based and cell-culture vaccines and areĭescribed here. ![]() Vaccine effectiveness during a predominantly H3N2 season. Strain and the vaccine selected strain, and has been associated with increased Result, cell-culture technology improves the match between the vaccine virus By contrast, cell-derived seed viruses do not requireįertilized eggs and eliminate the potential for egg-adapted changes. To key viral antigens may result in antigenic mismatch and thereby reduce To avian receptors found within eggs to allow for growth in eggs. In addition, egg adaptation of seed viruses occurs when viruses adapt Vaccines must be produced in large volumesĪnd the complete process requires approximately 6 months for the egg-based Manufacturing process for influenza vaccines relies on fertilized chicken eggs The World Health Organization since the 2017 season. Of the changes to the cell-culture process and vaccine strain recommendations by Reviews the influenza vaccine development process and describes the implications Such as the human immune system, a mismatch with the chosen candidate virus, andĮgg adaptation associated with egg-based vaccine production. Vaccine effectiveness is also affected by other potential factors The influenza virus mutates and annual vaccination is required for optimal Vaccines are used to prevent influenza outbreaks, however, Influenza continues to cause severe illness in millions and deaths in hundreds of
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